The plum is one of the most beloved fruit crops among Ukrainian gardeners. It bears fruit abundantly and deliciously while requiring minimal care. However, to enjoy a rich harvest, it is essential to choose the right planting time, prepare the site properly, select a quality sapling, and follow the correct planting techniques.
Proper plum planting is the key to a healthy and productive tree, as noted by the editorial team at Baltimore Chronicle.
Optimal Planting Times for Plum Trees
The timing of plum tree planting directly affects its ability to take root and grow. In Ukraine, the two most common planting periods are spring and fall.
Spring Planting
In northern and central regions, where winters can be harsh, spring is the preferred time to plant plum trees. The ideal window is late March to early April, once the soil has warmed but before the tree’s sap starts flowing.
Advantages of spring planting:
- High likelihood of sapling survival
- Tree has time to establish before winter
- Reduced risk of frost damage
Fall Planting
In southern regions with milder climates, fall planting (September to October) works well. It is crucial to plant the tree at least 3–4 weeks before the first frosts.
Advantages of fall planting:
- Autumn moisture supports root development
- Tree begins growing immediately in spring
- Less need for watering
Choosing the Right Spot for a Plum Tree
The location for your plum tree must meet several important criteria. The right site ensures sunlight exposure, moisture balance, and disease resistance.
Recommendations for site selection:
- Open, sunny area with no waterlogging
- Shelter from northern winds
- At least 3 meters away from other trees
- Light or medium loam soil is best
Comparison of Ideal vs. Poor Conditions for Planting Plums
| Criterion | Ideal Conditions | Poor Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Sunlight | Full sun | Constant shade |
| Moisture | Moderate | Standing water |
| Soil | Light loam | Heavy clay, sandy soil |
| Wind protection | Sheltered area | Open field |
| Distance between trees | 3–5 meters | Less than 2 meters |
How to Choose a Quality Plum Sapling
The quality of the sapling is half the battle when it comes to achieving a good harvest. The best approach is to buy saplings from certified nurseries or trusted farmers.
What to look for when choosing:
- Age: 1–2 years old
- Well-developed root system
- No damage, rot, or fungus
- Smooth bark with no cracks
Tip: Choose region-specific plum varieties that are adapted to your local climate.
Plum Tree Planting Technique
Proper planting ensures good rooting and growth from the start.
Planting Steps:
- Dig a hole 60 cm deep and 70–80 cm in diameter.
- Add a drainage layer of gravel or sand, especially in heavy soils.
- Mix fertile soil with compost and ash and place it in the hole.
- Place the sapling so the root collar is level with the ground.
- Fill the hole with soil, compact it slightly, and water generously.
- Install a stake and tie the tree to it gently.
After-Planting Care for Plum Trees
A newly planted tree requires special care, especially during its early years.
Key care tasks:
- Regular watering — once or twice per week
- Mulching the base (with sawdust or straw)
- Pest control (whitewashing in spring, insecticides if needed)
- Pruning and crown formation in spring
- Applying organic fertilizer from the second year
Common Mistakes When Planting Plum Trees
Beginner gardeners often make similar errors that hinder successful growth and fruiting.
Most common mistakes:
- Planting too deep or too shallow
- Choosing a shaded area
- Using damaged or weak saplings
- Not staking young trees
- Watering with cold water during rooting period
Best Plum Varieties for Planting in Ukraine
Beyond proper planting, selecting the right variety is essential. Here are some popular and high-yield options:
- Stanley – a late-season variety with large, dark blue fruits
- Renklod Altansky – a sweet early variety
- Čačak’s Best – large-fruited and versatile
- Opal – cold-resistant and early ripening
- President – late variety with excellent storage quality
Regional Planting Specifics
Ukraine’s climate is varied, so planting strategies differ by region:
- Western Ukraine: spring planting is preferred; drainage is a must
- Central Ukraine: both spring and fall are suitable
- Southern Ukraine: fall planting is ideal; avoid heat stress
- Northern Ukraine: plant only in spring; choose frost-hardy varieties
How to Achieve Consistent Plum Harvests
To ensure regular and abundant plum harvests, you should:
- Follow the correct planting schedule for your region
- Select an ideal location and quality sapling
- Adhere to proper planting and care practices
- Avoid common mistakes and monitor tree health
The plum tree is a rewarding plant that, with the right approach, will gift you with delicious, aromatic fruit within just a few years.
Earlier we wrote about how to plant an apricot tree.